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The challenge that Romans faced in lighting their homes was primarily associated with the limitations of the lamps they used at the time. While oil lamps were commonly employed, many of these were poorly designed or inefficient, resulting in weak illumination. This inadequacy made it difficult for Romans to adequately light their dwellings, particularly during the night or in darker spaces.

The unavailability of electric lighting is not relevant, as it was a factor inherent to the period rather than an operational challenge. High costs of oil lamps could vary based on the region and availability, but this was not the central issue addressed in historical accounts of Roman home lighting. Moreover, while Romans certainly experienced fluctuations in natural light due to day length and season, issues of excessive natural light would not constitute a real challenge in the context of home illumination following sunset. Therefore, the primary obstacle was indeed the ineffectiveness of the lamps they had available.